What is the development relationship between active design and passive design?    

At the end of the last century, active design and passive design in the architecture industry developed in parallel, with active design occupying a dominant position. But after decades of development, people have gradually realized that passive design produces more significant effects and is also easily accepted by the market.

Does the new technology and equipment contradict the concept of passive rooms?    

The use of new technologies and equipment is mainly aimed at improving the efficiency of equipment from the perspective of optimizing supply to meet the requirements of reducing building energy consumption. However, this approach ignores the control of building energy consumption demand. In fact, demand and supply coexist in both directions.

What is the relationship between passive houses and passive energy-saving design?    

Passive house is a type of passive energy-saving design, but it is different from the broad concept of passive energy-saving buildings. Passive house is a design category in passive design that has more scientific and specialized attributes, with design standards, systems, and methods.

Is the technology system used in the 04 passive house passive methods and techniques?    

Not entirely, passive house design advocates a technical strategy that prioritizes passivity and supplements it with active methods.

What is the relationship between passive rooms and traditional heating methods?    

A standard passive room does not have heating facilities at all, and can maintain a comfortable indoor temperature of 20 degrees by relying solely on the residual heat of household appliances and other indoor appliances. It reduces heating energy consumption to 90% energy saving through passive means, and its significance is not a difference in numbers, but a complete change in heating methods, a process from quantitative change to qualitative change.

What are the technical guidelines for passive houses in 06?    

Firstly, enhance the performance of the external enclosure system; Secondly, increase the airtightness of buildings; Thirdly, utilize a fresh air system with heat recovery.

Can passive house technology be used for the restoration and renovation of old buildings in 2007?    

Secondly, this is a problem that architects both domestically and internationally are facing. For buildings with historical value, only partial renovation can be carried out; For old buildings with practicality but no historical value, they can be renovated according to the passive house standard. At present, there are cases of construction in European countries with good implementation effects.

Is passive house maintenance complicated?    

Thirdly, no, the technology used in passive housing is visible and tangible: for example, residents can replace the filter of the fresh air system once a year themselves. Passive houses do not have heating systems, only heat recovery fresh air systems and fresh air heating coils, so they are houses with very simple HVAC equipment. Passive houses require much less equipment to operate and maintain than regular houses. Of course, the quality of the windows and heat recovery fresh air systems used in passive rooms is very high, and the production of these products will naturally adopt high-tech.

What is the airtightness of a building?     

Fourthly, it refers to the ability of the building envelope structure to prevent air infiltration. The airtightness of passive ultra-low energy buildings is measured by the ratio of the amount of air that permeates through the building envelope structure in one hour to the indoor volume when the indoor and outdoor pressure difference is 50Pa.

Why improve the airtightness of buildings?     

Fifthly, as the saying goes, 'the bigger the needle hole, the bigger the hole, the stronger the wind.' However, poor air tightness in buildings can lead to wind and air leakage, resulting in a significant loss of heat. Improving the air tightness of buildings to a scientific value can effectively reduce building energy consumption and improve indoor cleanliness.

How is the airtightness of building 11 ensured?     

Sixth, in order to ensure airtightness, there will be an airtight layer on the inner side of the building envelope structure.

Which areas cannot be drilled during the decoration of passive ultra-low energy buildings?     

Seventh, in order to ensure the energy-saving effect of the building, it is strictly prohibited to damage the airtight layer of the building, and it is strictly prohibited to drill holes in the position of the airtight layer during decoration.

How to know the location of the airtight layer in the house during use?     

When delivering passive ultra-low energy buildings, a floor plan indicating the location of the airtight layer will be attached. The location of the airtight layer is generally on the inner side of the building envelope structure. If it is a residential system with separate households, the partition walls between households, the partition walls between households and stairwells, and the floor slabs will also be the locations of the airtight layer.

How are passive exterior windows connected to the wall during installation?     

When installing external windows, in order to reduce thermal bridging effects and ensure airtightness, the insulation layer of the wall is generally pressed down on more than half of the width of the window frame, and the gaps between the window and wall are treated with airtightness, with a gas barrier film material pasted at the connection.

Why is the waterproof vapor barrier film attached to the inner side and the waterproof vapor permeable film attached to the outer side at the 15 window wall connection?

Waterproof and vapor barrier film can prevent indoor water vapor from penetrating into the gaps between external windows and walls, causing condensation and mold growth when water vapor encounters cold air at the gaps. Waterproof and breathable film can prevent outdoor rainwater from seeping into the room, prevent external windows from leaking water, and at the same time, allow water vapor to penetrate outside, avoiding water vapor from staying inside and causing condensation and mold when exposed to cold.

What is the purpose of installing window sills on the outside of the lower opening of passive ultra-low energy building windows?

To ensure airtightness, there will be an airtight layer on the inside of the building envelope structure.

Are the exterior walls of passive ultra-low energy buildings thicker than those of ordinary buildings?

Due to the high requirements for external wall insulation performance of passive ultra-low energy buildings, they are generally thicker; But with the advancement of technology, the replacement of building insulation materials, and the differences in building systems, achieving the same performance will gradually reduce the thickness of the insulation layer.

What are the requirements for external doors and windows to achieve the effect of passive ultra-low energy buildings?

The exterior doors and windows of a building are also the weak link in the insulation performance of the building's external enclosure structure. According to statistics, windows account for about 50% of the heat lost by buildings. Therefore, external doors and windows are required to have good thermal insulation performance, and external window glass should also have good light transmission performance, suitable sun heat gain and shading performance, good air tightness and water tightness performance. For high-rise buildings, depending on the different materials used for external wall insulation, some also require good fire resistance performance.

How do the exterior windows of passive ultra-low energy buildings meet performance requirements?

One is to improve the performance of glass, such as increasing the two-layer glass of ordinary windows to three-layer glass, filling inert gas between glass layers, using warm edge spacers, and using silver plated low-e technology for glass; The second is to improve the performance of the frame material, such as using high-quality multi cavity aluminum-plastic materials, wood or wood aluminum composite materials, broken bridge aluminum profiles, fiberglass polyurethane profiles, etc; The third is to handle the gap between the glass and the frame material well, reduce linear thermal bridges, etc.

Can cat eyes be installed on the doors of 20 passive ultra-low energy residential buildings?

According to current technological processes, installing peepholes on passive doors can affect their air tightness, so they are generally not necessary.

On March 1, 2022, the Ministry of Housing and Urban Rural Development issued the "14th Five Year Plan for Building Energy Efficiency and Green Building Development". The specific goals of the plan are to complete the energy-saving renovation of existing buildings with an area of over 350 million square meters and construct ultra-low energy consumption and nearly zero energy consumption buildings with an area of over 50 million square meters by 2025. During the 14th Five Year Plan period, developing the passive ultra-low energy consumption building industry is an important measure to achieve carbon neutrality in buildings.